0000106240 00000 n
Privacy Policy, Seismograms from seismic stations in Fresno, CA, Phoenix, AZ, and Las Vegas, NV, A modified travel time curve for S-P wave, A Modified Travel Time Curve for S-P Wave. 83 0 obj
<>
endobj
What did it feel like? minutes and P waves 8 minutes to Ask students what fault they think caused this earthquake. 74 Earthquake Activity: Locating the Epicenter and Time of Earthquake . Use this information to complete the following. /g$=#!$EbBbhD!,x so^6Uc})\uJs=fyY}j'|YjTm8B_[}*Ovm\[J'.mu?lQg,wzJM^X&P w>-T%*h%J4 yB@VPmP]@D------------,2dfY$"A!ANAASi)4$dniiiinH% Gxt5DJ) )9RRr$II'y ??O's^3@[{*{VT?nsNS!ilq]mFO?? Facility Name Busine Child ren Information Child Name C. Child Social Security Number Type of Case being filed - Check only one category. Objective Use data from seismograms to locate the epicenters of earthquakes. 0000007783 00000 n
If a quake is near the seismograph, the S-waves arrive shortly after the P-waves. The simulation renders three circles on a map and directs students to find the epicenter. Using historical seismographs, engineers forecast the strength or magnitude of earthquakes and make predictions and determine building codes and safety protocols. Have students click on the Earthquakes Living Lab hyperlink in the top left in the earthquakes section. and S waves to travel any distance up to Short for "primary wave" or "pressure wave." They make a model of a seismographa measuring device that records an earthquake on a seismogram. Add to FlexBook Textbook. The spot where those three circles intersect is the epicenter (Figure 13.12). Another method of locating an earthquake is to use the P-wave arrival-time minus origin-time (P - O) interval instead of distance. P wave: The first seismic wave of an earthquake. Subject Areas:
1. If a quake is far from the seismograph, the P-waves arrive long before the S-waves. The USGS Earthquake Hazards Program is part of the National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program (NEHRP), established by Congress in 1977, and the USGS Advanced National Seismic System (ANSS) was established by Congress as a NEHRP facility. Swaves arrive at the seismic station after the Pwaves. '
endstream
endobj
69 0 obj
<>
endobj
70 0 obj
[85 0 R]
endobj
71 0 obj
<>
endobj
72 0 obj
<>
endobj
73 0 obj
<>stream
You learned that seismologists determine the distance to the earthquake epicenter using the difference between S and P wave arrival times. ?t?s=Yt '_(
endstream
endobj
76 0 obj
<>stream
The distance to the earthquake epicenter is then determined using the "Earthquake P-Wave and S-Wave Travel Time" graph. H\0y triangulation: A method to determine exactly where an earthquake originates. Locating Earthquake Epicenter Lab - Triangulation sheet for students and/or teachers to use (Slide 6), and answer key (Slide 7). Sixty-seven people lost their lives, and property damage was estimated at $6 billion. n{6c&6NK*U;=9i%nF To complete the activity, some prior . Use the process of triangulation to locate an earthquake's epicenter. Accessed December 11, 2013. http://www.sciencecourseware.com/virtualearthquake/, USGS Earthquake Magnitude Policy (implemented on January 18, 2002). While no one can predict earthquakes, knowing the intensities, frequencies and locations of past earthquakes and fault planes helps us to better anticipate the locations and forces to expect, so we can do our best to prepare our communities and infrastructure to withstand them safely. 2. To do this, have the students use, Find the epicenter of the earthquake on the map (. In order to determine the location of an earthquake epicenter, seismographs from at least three different places are needed for a particular event. Through the online Earthquakes Living Lab, student pairs explore various types of seismic waves and the differences between shear waves and compressional waves. Do limits exist on what science can predict? How might they use this information? ACTIVITY 4.2B Locating an Earthquake Figure 4.5 shows seismograms for the same earthquake recorded at three locations - New York, Nome, Alaska, and Mexico City. Refer to the data table and use the difference in arrival times to determine the distance to the earthquake epicenter for Station 2. locate and label the epicenter of the earthquake on this map. First, determine the P-wave arrival, and read down to the bottom of the seismogram to note at what time (usually marked in seconds) that the P-wave arrived. a project of D2L (www.achievementstandards.org). To locate the epicenter of the earthquake, seismologists use the . Thanks for your feedback! Scientists and engineers around the globe gather data through observation and experimentation and use it to describe and understand how the world works. Mapping the history of natural hazards in a region, combined with an understanding of related geologic forces can help forecast the locations and likelihoods of future events. 87 0 obj
<>
endobj
xref
87 28
0000000016 00000 n
Locating an Epicenter Activity - Arkansas Geological Survey In this activity, students use an online simulationVirtual Earthquakethat is accessible through the Earthquakes Living Lab interface, to locate the epicenter of an earthquake by making simple measurement on three seismograms, recordings of an earthquake's seismic waves detected by instruments (seismographs) far away from the earthquake. Earthquakes occur along faults, which are cracks in the Earths crust that build tension. In a concluding class discussion, have groups share their ideas about engineering and one new thing they learned about earthquakes. Copyright 2023. This is determined by the P-and S-wave arrival times. Upload a document. (, Find the S-P interval for each seismogram and record answers in the S-P column of, Find the distance to the epicenter (in kilometers) from each recording station and record answers in Table 1. The lag time for any Please answer the following questions using the earthquake video shake, shake, shake. Great exercise for Regents Earth Science. Tracings made at three separate seismic stations are needed to locate an earthquake epicenter. =Cv :~4yrXP 62{_,*Uq/O-oUNBr-$y~:G},#3e^CS6U*_zVGY7ZNUWk2f?? {%!,"{u5E&OOqA_"/uxn-kx+Vz*EQb)Q This worksheet focuses on using the p and s graph to find different variables. 0000006538 00000 n
How far do S waves travel in 5 By looking at the time between the arrivals of the P- and S-waves, one can determine the distance to the earthquake from that station, with longer time intervals indicating longer distance. Mark the first arrival of the swave on each seismogram. Richter magnitude scale: An earthquake measurement scale created in the 1930s to assign a single number to quantify the energy released during earthquakes. A minimum of three seismic stations is necessary to locate an epicenter. The magnitude determination is based on seismic data. It shows the time required for P The point beneath Earth's surface where rock breaks under stress and causes an earthquake. 0000001978 00000 n
0000002544 00000 n
The epicenter of an earthquake can be found using the difference between the arrival of the Primary and Secondary waves. Geologists use seismic waves to locate an earthquake's epicenter. 0000004457 00000 n
The earthquake occurred somewhere along that circle. epicenter of an earthquake, how (Grades
(Source: USGS, Wikipedia). What is the time lag for the Seattle, Washington, seismic station? THREE SEISMOGRAMS Seismogram A - New York, NY 1 minute 1. travel 3,000 miles. We also acknowledge previous National Science Foundation support under grant numbers 1246120, 1525057, and 1413739. All 100,000+ K-12 STEM standards covered in TeachEngineering are collected, maintained and packaged by the Achievement Standards Network (ASN),
All the arcs should intersect at a common point - the epicenter. 0000002840 00000 n
0000004060 00000 n
4. Have students turn in their answers for the Explain portion of the worksheet. X!.43p2t!}SLx-3z.KN4X+H\+vk? Sign, fax and printable from PC, iPad, tablet or mobile with pdfFiller Note-taking Worksheet. The time S-P interval: The time interval between the arrivals of P and S waves. farther from the epicenter of an earthquake? As you read and complete the activity, take notes so you can complete the. An earthquake is the violent movement of tectonic plates in the Earth's crust. Use of the TeachEngineering digital library and this website constitutes acceptance of our Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. 2. HTn {0,`K6}(J6]&Q^"!q57y_VQ9fp3/?Mc=KGsrrt:c\$Lh`4}>C>`qcSj0[YpZ_Su(322/N
Z./$E )H %C[5ph[BUyGh7|!XPQiDjJ(|BNvylk+g;9G(#Aby>Jcf`XmnwtDD+;Z^I&Sb-4!7oi` L7
endstream
endobj
78 0 obj
<>
endobj
79 0 obj
<>stream
Epicenter. Add to Library. The three seismograms in this activity are unfi ltered station records from a single event that occurred on August 1, 1999. Activity 4 Locating An Earthquake Epicenter Answers: Fill Out & Sign . Thus technology use varies from region to region and over time. (Source: USGS). Once three seismographs have been located, find the time interval between the arrival of the P-wave . long will it take, to the nearest 0. minutes, for the first P waves to travel from the epicenter to your station? PDF. (Source: USGS, Wikipedia). The Richter scale was created in the 1930s to assign a single number to quantify the energy released during earthquakes. d>(ZvO= How do we determine the epicenter of an earthquake? Great-circle arcs are drawn on the globe using the distance of the earthquake to the station as a radius. 107 0 obj
<>stream
Also commonly termed the focus. Book: Laboratory Manual for Introductory Geology (Deline, Harris & Tefend), { "13.01:_Introduction" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.
b__1]()", "13.02:_The_Epicenter,_Focus,_and_Waves" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "13.03:_Seismology" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "13.04:_Locating_an_Earthquake_Epicenter" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "13.05:_Lab_Exercise_(Part_A)" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "13.06:_Hazards_from_Earthquakes" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "13.07:_Lab_Exercise_(Part_B)" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "13.08:_Induced_Seismicity" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "13.09:_Lab_Exercise_(Part_C)" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "13.10:_Student_Responses" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()" }, { "00:_Front_Matter" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "01:_Introduction_to_Physical_Geology" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "02:_Earth\'s_Interior" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "03:_Topographic_Maps" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "04:_Plate_Tectonics" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "05:_Water" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "06:_Climate_Change" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "07:_Matter_and_Minerals" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "08:_Igneous_Rocks" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "09:_Volcanoes" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "10:_Sedimentary_Rocks" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "11:_Metamorphic_Rocks" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "12:_Crustal_Deformation" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "13:_Earthquakes" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "14:_Physiographic_Provinces" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "zz:_Back_Matter" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()" }, [ "article:topic", "showtoc:no", "license:ccbysa", "authorname:delineharristefend", "program:galileo" ], https://geo.libretexts.org/@app/auth/3/login?returnto=https%3A%2F%2Fgeo.libretexts.org%2FLearning_Objects%2FLaboratory%2FBook%253A_Laboratory_Manual_For_Introductory_Geology_(Deline_Harris_and_Tefend)%2F13%253A_Earthquakes%2F13.04%253A_Locating_an_Earthquake_Epicenter, \( \newcommand{\vecs}[1]{\overset { \scriptstyle \rightharpoonup} {\mathbf{#1}}}\) \( \newcommand{\vecd}[1]{\overset{-\!-\!\rightharpoonup}{\vphantom{a}\smash{#1}}} \)\(\newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\) \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\) \( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\) \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\) \( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \(\newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\) \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\) \( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\) \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\) \( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\)\(\newcommand{\AA}{\unicode[.8,0]{x212B}}\), status page at https://status.libretexts.org. pen recorded the arrival of P, S, and surface 0000001862 00000 n
In order to determine the location of an earthquake epicenter, seismographsfrom at least three different places are needed for a particular event. What about P waves? Figure 1 is a simplified example of a Travel-time graphDistance in Miles, Copyright 2023 StudeerSnel B.V., Keizersgracht 424, 1016 GC Amsterdam, KVK: 56829787, BTW: NL852321363B01, seismogram. This is determined by the P-and S-wave arrival times. The period of P waves is shorter, than the period of surface waves. While earthquake locations are normally done with a computer that can quickly determine the paths of seismic waves through the Earth to many seismic stations, 15 Introduction to Geology Chapter Worksheet . 0000000016 00000 n
Today, most seismologists no longer follow Richter's original methodology because it does not give reliable results when applied to stronger earthquakes and it was not designed to use data from earthquakes recorded at epicentral distances greater than ~600 km. Accessed December 11, 2013. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moment_magnitude_scale, Novak, Gary. It's a logarithmic scale from 1 to 10 with each succeeding level representing 10 times as much energy as the last. Richter scale Method of earthquake measurement based on the amplitude of seismic . Three seismographs are needed. The vertical lines, spaced one, minute apart, represent the passage of time, (from left to right). 0000008088 00000 n
Section A - Operator Information 1. Learn from this informative and clear video.Brought you by award-winning Once each student has constructed his or her circle on the map, mark with an X, the epicenter of the earthquake. 11 minutes elapsed between the first P wave and the last measurable surface wave. Locating The Epicenter Of An Earthquake Worksheet Answers, Content Outline Earthquakes For Teaching - Mrs. Parsiola's Homepage, Earthquakes & Volcanoes Test Review Answers, Earthquake Facts & Worksheets | Mechanism, Impact, Events, Quiz & Worksheet - Causes Of Earthquakes - Study.com, 15 Bill Nye - Earthquakes Worksheet Key | PDF - Scribd, Bill Nye-The Science Guy * - Biloxi Public Schools, psc plus two level preliminary exam syllabus pdf 2023, first tuesday real estate principles exam answers, ies exam pattern for mechanical engineering, resultados examen practico dgt las palmas, exame de sangue precisa de quanto tempo de jejum, sslc question paper 2023 karnataka pdf with answers social science, examen de formacion civica y etica tercer grado secundaria, ctet exam date 2023 application form last date, why is it important to do self breast exams, quanto tempo depois de infectado pelo hiv aparece no exame. Question: ACTIVITY 2B Locating an Earthquake Figure 5 shows seismograms for the same earthquake recorded at three locations-New York; Nome, Alaska; and Mexico City. Where the 3 circles intersect is the approximate location to the epicenter of the earthquake. 0000001604 00000 n
0000078100 00000 n
Cross), Give Me Liberty! I contacted the persons listed below to find out the location of the following people entitled to notice Name of Person Measure the difference in arrival times between the first shear (s) wave and the first compressional (p) wave, which can be interpreted from the seismogram. Direct students to finish the activity by completing the. 0
61 33
moment magnitude scale: Similar to the Richter scale, but replacing its use starting in the 1970s for more accuracy in measuring big earthquakes (magnitudes > 3.5) from greater distances. What are those limits? Pwaves have the greatest velocity and reach the, seismic station first. What is the %PDF-1.4
%
0000001777 00000 n
Earthquakes can also cause tsunamis, which are very large waves that can damage coastlines and put coastal residents in danger. 100 km 4.1 km/s 24.4 s; Finding the epicenter (continued) data table analyze and conclude answer the following questions on a separate sheet of paper. 0000000856 00000 n
0000003966 00000 n
Locating the Epicenter of an Earthquake - SE Asia a foldable activity, slide presentation to guide reading, and an answer key! The nations most famous fault is the San Andreas Fault, which runs along a north-south trend in southern California, and happens to run directly through Los Angeles. Also called seismometer. 0000001562 00000 n
Hand out the worksheets to the groups and direct them to read through the instructions. to the lag time measured at this location? Of the four Earthquakes Living Lab seismic areas, choose the "Chile" box, as shown in Figure 3. hb```f``Rl@ (l"`+uk?0.a~@6Vm;| G3f`75@v@Wz|A4#w9{(` ) Focal Depth. cCV&0Lw1~c\4QA!{q:
N3\`Lccgb,x/if`WH3(\'q)Da'@ |
endstream
endobj
92 0 obj
<>/Filter/FlateDecode/Index[57 4]/Length 20/Size 61/Type/XRef/W[1 1 1]>>stream
It is slower than the same earthquake's P wave and cannot travel through liquids. The American Geosciences Institute represents and serves the geoscience community by providing collaborative leadership and information to connect Earth, science, and people. If a quake is far from the seismograph, the P-waves arrive long before the S-waves. HS]o01j6R0iMm4U=wL8]BE< Analyze and interpret data on natural hazards to forecast future catastrophic events and inform the development of technologies to mitigate their effects. First locate and mark the three seismic stations on the world map provided below. technology, engineering or math (STEM) educational standards. 0000009174 00000 n
What data is used to determine magnitude? Do you think we will someday be able to prevent earthquakes? (Grades 6 - 8). at that station. Thanks for your feedback! Practicing this technique, the students work several problems on a map of the US. One seismogram indicates the distance to the epicenter. Continue the discussion with the following questions (or assign these questions as homework): Have student groups explore one or more of the other two regions (Southern California and Japan) provided in the Virtual Earthquake simulation. ya{I;W@DgMN2:UtbT=*+cY1.8Vm(u3Zt"J
@9TAjJH@H_F3n7\Srdw~gAR#JQGj`ueS! What types of engineers might use this data the most? Since the 1970s, the use of the Richter magnitude scale has largely been replaced in the scientific community by the moment magnitude scale (MMS). Ch Person/Attorney Filing: - Superior Court - Maricopa County - superiorcourt maricopa. 0000001533 00000 n
distance = travel time for S waves (Grades 9 - 12). : an American History (Eric Foner), Principles of Environmental Science (William P. Cunningham; Mary Ann Cunningham), Forecasting, Time Series, and Regression (Richard T. O'Connell; Anne B. Koehler), Chemistry: The Central Science (Theodore E. Brown; H. Eugene H LeMay; Bruce E. Bursten; Catherine Murphy; Patrick Woodward), Biological Science (Freeman Scott; Quillin Kim; Allison Lizabeth), Campbell Biology (Jane B. Reece; Lisa A. Urry; Michael L. Cain; Steven A. Wasserman; Peter V. Minorsky), How many minutes elapsed between the arrival of the first P wave and. Sharing Information/Thinking Ahead: In the Evaluate section of the worksheet, student pairs are asked to compose answers to two questionswhether they think seismology is a reliable science and ways seismic data is useful for engineers. Download. The seismometers are shown as green dots. The hypocenter is the point within the earth where an earthquake rupture starts. In the U.S., earthquake measurements under the MMS (those of magnitude 3.5 or higher) are still commonly erroneously referred to by the general public and media as being on the Richter scale, due to more familiarity with the Richter scale. This section explains what earthquakes and faults are and what causes earthquakes. S waves. earthquake. The farther a station is from the Earthquakes Living Lab: Finding Epicenters & Measuring Magnitudes. The moment magnitude scale (MMS) was developed in the 1970s as a modification of the Richter scale and is better for measuring big earthquakes but less good for small ones. 5. focus - the point within Earth where an earthquake originates. It is called triangulation because a triangle has three sides, and it takes three seismographs to locate an earthquake. directly above it on the surface of the earth is called the epicenter. 0000004769 00000 n
earthquake - shaking and vibration of Earth's surface. An earthquake is what happens when two blocks of the earth suddenly slip past one directly above it on the surface of the earth is called the epicenter.