FIG.4 (1 view); An Albanian from Malsia Madh, near the Montenegrin border. A second reason the term has had staying power is that, as new immigrants began to stream into the country in the 20th century, political leaders and scientists supported a new racial science called eugenics that built on 19th-century notions of race. FIG. Corded Nordic: The Nordic race is a partially depigmented . As has been demonstrated on plates 9 and 10, it is impossible, as some European anthropologists believe, to derive a Nordic directly from a dolichocephalic Upper Palaeolithic ancestor of Brnn or Cr-Magnon type. Mediterranean Proper: Short-statured, dolicho- and mesocephalic form found in Spain, Portugal, the western Mediterranean islands, and to some extent in North Africa, southern Italy, and other Mediterranean borderlands. A moderately tall, long-faced Algerian Kabyle. FIG. The Alpine race is always and everywhere a race of peasants, an the various nations of this race, or It is probably a composite race made up of two or more basic Mediterranean strains, depigmented separately or in conjunction by a progressive evolutionary process. The Gypsies, who are believed to have left their home in the lower Indus Valley about the turn of the present millennium, and who arrived in Europe some four centuries later, belong, when comparatively unmixed, to a dark-skinned, small-bodied racial type of general Mediterranean appearance which is common in India. Opponents of Nordicism rejected these arguments. A Solubbi; member of a small group of desert wanderers and outcasts who inhabit the North Arabian desert, travelling in small family groups and serving as hunters and tinkers for the Bedawin. Britain could lower its rates of cancer, diabetes and cardiovascular disease by embracing Mediterranean- or Nordic-style diets, a major study into the benefits of healthy eating suggests. white men all over the world. The reason for qualification on this score is that not enough Danubian crania have been found and described to make this point certain. The Mesolithic cultural period was long and full in Ireland, and the subsequent invaders of this westernmost fringe of Europe have been unable to effect a genetic displacement of the strain introduced by the earliest human occupants. 3 (3 views). [1] Hitler was so impressed by this work by Gnther, that he made it the basis of his eugenics policy.[1]. FIG.1 (3 views). FIG. In any case the facial features are of pure Upper Palaeolithic inspiration. Jew, Istanbul, Tajik, N.-Afghanistan; Pashtun, E.-Afghanistan; Baluch, S.-Afghanistan, Turk, village near Ankara, Turkey; Azeri, Azerbaijan; Qashgais, SW.-Iran, Uzbek and Tajik-Uzbek, N.-Afghanistan; Turkmens, NW.-Afghanistan; Moghol and Hazara, central Afghanistan, Races, Sub-Races or Ethnicities of South Asia / India. Apparently a brachycephalized blend in which Atlanto-Mediterranean and Cappadocian strains are important, with Alpine acting as the brachycephalizing agent in mixture. FIG. It was with Borreby people from this region that the Bell-Beaker Folk mixed, before their invasion of Britain in the Early Bronze Age. "The Alpine Races in Europe: Discussion, D. G. Hogarth, Arthur Evans, Dr. Haddon, Dr. Shrubsall, Mr. Hudleston, Mr. Gray, Dr. Wright and Mr. Myres", "Les Six Races Composant la Population Actuelle de l'Europe", "Deniker's Classification of the Races of Europe", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alpine_race&oldid=1130678581, Articles lacking reliable references from August 2019, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from December 2022, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 31 December 2022, at 11:44. [1] He provided photographs of Germans identified as Nordic in places like Baden, Stuttgart, Salzburg, and Swabia; and provided photographs of Germans he identified as Nordic and Mediterranean types, especially in Bavaria and the Black Forest region of Baden. FIG. In Syria and Anatolia, as in Armenia and the Caucasus, this type occurs sporadically in the midst of Alpines and, more commonly, of Alpine-Mediterranean hybrids; in Iran' and Afghanistan the dolichocephalic strain or strains are numerically predominant. The southwest-German Borreby nucleus has mixed with all invaders from the initial Neolithic onwards. Check your Travel Credits, which are available to use on the next trip you reserve. The term East Baltic is properly applicable to a racial type of composite nature, found chiefly in northeastern Germany, Poland, the Baltic States, and Finland, although it also occurs sporadically in Sweden and elsewhere. Another Swede, in this case from Goteborg, a slightly less extreme example of the same type. The individual shown has especially heavy browridges and a great nasion depression. FIG. For Nordic, Luke Jager was tabbed men's classic MVP and Novie McCabe the women's freestyle MVP. Dr. Byron has found out the Alpine, Classical Mediterranean and minor amount of Nordic element in the formation . 7, (2 views, photo Gordon T. Bowles) Closely similar to the Syrian desert border tribesman is this Afridi from eastern Afghanistan. A kaid of Taghzuth, a small tribe of Senhajan craftsmen located in the high mountain forest immediately west of the Rif. Nordic Style. Socrates and 4 (3.views). FIG.2 (2 views, photo C. W. Dupertuis). This and other evidence indicate that features which in Finns are often popularly supposed to be mongoloid are actually of European Upper Palaeolithic inspiration. . FIG. It may have served in both Pleistocene and modern times as a bearer of the tendency toward brachycephalization into various population. Iceland was settled mainly from the coastal regions of Norway in which the Borreby race is prevalent; an important Irish increment may have added a similar racial element. A Scotsman from Ayrshire. physical and moral attributes. Modern genetics suggests that Indians are an admixture of Australoid, Austro-Asiatic, Mongoloid, Negrito, Dravidian, Ancestral North Indian (ANI), Caucasoid, etc. FIG. How far they will be modified by democratic institutions and 2 (3 views). Their pigmentation ranges from blond to brunet, but is usually intermediate. 3 (3 views). They are the purest Mediterraneans in north- ern Arabia, and probably represent an extremely ancient element in the North Arabian population. or over in stature, have head lengths well over 200 mm., and form a unit in regard to general anthropometric and morphological position. FIG. A metrically similar New Englander from a Massachusetts coastal city, of Colonial Yankee lineage. SUCH are the three races, the Alpine, berserker blood rage, and is class suicide on a gigantic scale. Planica 2023: FIS Nordic World Ski Championships, 22.2- 5.3.2023. 4 (3 views). 2 (3 views). This brachycephalic Aberdonian is Alpine in head form and in most facial features; the length of the face and of the nose, however, are aberrant and point to non-Alpine in- fluences. 2 (3 views). FIG. all angels are blonds, while the denizens of the lower regions revel in deep Field Marshal Werner von Blomberg, a suc- of von Hindenburg, derived from the same ethnic source and a member of the same racial category. FIG. A tribesman from the desert border of northeastern Syria, this gray-bearded man possesses the high cranial vault mentioned above. Diogenes were apparently quite un-Greek and represent remnants of some early An equally typical example of the same racial strain, from the region of Naples in Italy. A Syrian Alpine from Damascus. As was seen in the case of the Basque on Plate 23, there is a tendency in the tall, extremely long-headed Atlanto-Mediterranean race toward a combination of black dark brown hair and blue eyes. A native of Crete, a perfect representative of the small Mediter- ranean race, similar metrically to the Mediterranean Yemenite Arabs shown on Plate 16, and identical, as nearly as can be determined, with the mean type of Cretans in Minoan times. Click here for a full list of what's on and upcoming events in Ljubljana. Nordic, Alpine, Mediterranean and Dinaric subraces are the most widely spread among the white race. He characterized the French as possessing the following racial proportions: Nordic, 25%; Alpine or Dinaric, 50%; Mediterranean, 25%. FIG. Rust/Coyuchi Cotton. A Spaniard from Vigo, northwestern Spain. ), White People: Sub-Races or Ethnicities of Europe, Plate 27. Plate 14. Moral, intellectual, and spiritual attributes are A Galician of mixed Ukrainian and Polish parentage; an excellent example of the Danubian type, bound to the soil since the Neolithic, which has reemerged throughout the entire length of the rich agricultural plain which stretches across southern Poland and Russia, while Nordics proper have for the most part moved elsewhere. A Cherkess (Circassian) from the north- western Caucasus. The Pyrenees Mountains. Peloponnesus. In his 1916 book, The Passing of the Great Race; or, The Racial Basis of European History, Grant argued that what he called the Nordic race, which originated from northwest Europe, was biologically and culturally superior to all other . 1946. Both anthropometrically and morphologi- cally, the European and Asiatic Alpines are essentially identical. 4 (2 views). armies is of the same race. This feature is commoner with Irish of a tall Mediterranean type than with the Upper Palaeolithic strain proper. The wars of the last two thousand years in 2 (2 views). 2020 2021 5k races held in europe the calendar regroups all kinds of activities running walking nordic walking vertical races obstacle 5 (2 views). Alpines are at the root of all or nearly all the brachycephalic racial types throughout this entire expanse of territory. lithograph. say on which side there is a preponderance of Nordic blood, as Flanders and A very dark-skinned, large-headed mesocephalic Mediterranean from Beira Altain Portugal, with heavy beard and body hair. The Nordic race is a partially depigmented branch of the greater Mediterranean racial stock. Yes, Mediterranean people are white and I don't see why anyone would question that. It is the author's thesis that the Nordic race in Europe was caused by a blending of the early Danubian Mediterranean strain with the later Corded element. 4 (2 views, photo Gordon T. Bowles). A coarse type of Hadhramauti, who represents a mixture between the Veddoid element shown above and the Mediterranean race; or who might be called a less extreme example of the former. 1 (2 views). This latter is something more than a convention, as such quasi-authentic THIS race is short, stocky, and square-built, thus offering, although of nearly the same height, an appearance which is quite different from that of the Mediterranean race. 3 (3 views). In Greece it is frequently blended with a local tall Mediterranean strain. The difference perceived in these immigrants was frequently described as a racial difference in which Europeans were represented as, not one, but many races identified by region (Alpine, Mediterranean, Slavic and Nordic) or by alleged headshape (roundheads, slopeheads). White or Caucasoid Race Mediterranean Upper Paleolithic survivors (British Isles) Iranian Plateau Classic Mediterranean hook-nosed sub-type straight-nosed sub-type Ainu Keltic (light-eyed, dark or red hair, dolichocephalic, British Isles) Nordic Nordic + Alpine Nordic + Mediterranean Alpine East Baltic . FIG. FIG. A characteristic West-German Borreby type, from Stuttgart. East of Bavaria, Bohemia, and Switzerland, typical Alpines are relatively rare until. These two individuals may be considered repre- sentatives of the Mediterranean invaders who entered western Europe over Gibraltar in the Neolithic. The data gathered from Brigham's army tests was continually invoked in Congress and was instrumental in fostering congressional debates that led to the Immigration Restriction Act of 1924. 3) Mediterranean's have smaller teeth than Nordics who also have big teeth and big lips (ear to ear expression comes to mind). It juts out only slightly over the nape, and this back part is fairly roomy, so that in the Alpine man only a little of the neck is to be seen above the coat-collar. At the same time his skin is nearly black, his hair curly but not frizzly. 1 (3 views). In skiing terms the difference between nordic and alpine is that nordic is of or relating to cross-country skiing or ski jumping. A Swede from Sonderhamn who represents the same type, and who is very similar in most dimensions. FIG. From a race point of view the present Mediterranean race are well known, and this race, while inferior in bodily 8 (1 view, tempera painting by Iacovleff). FIG. These are known to academics as (White) Nordic, (White) Alpine and (White) Mediterranean. Another Alpine Tosc; in this case from Gjinokaster, in the extreme southwest of Albania, bordering on Epirus. View your invoice and payment history. Courtesy of the Field Museum of Natural His- tory, Chicago). A perfect example of a French Alpine. FIG. A sheikh of Targuist. Although varying greatly in stature, different varieties of Mediterraneans do not, as types, attain the bulk, either in head or body size, of the unreduced Upper Palaeolithic group; tall Mediterraneans, whether or not depigmented (partially depig- mented Mediterraneans are Nordics) are usually slender. These types were said to be most . The Druze, followers of a secret religion based on the schismatic teach- ings of the Khalifa Hakim of the Mediaeval Fatimid Dynasty, claim to be descended from immigrants who moved from Yemen to Syria in the sixth century A.D. All come from regions near the sea, and touched by Megalithic navigators. FIG. FIG. This man is both tall and heavy; of lateral bodily build. He comes from typically Alpine and Dinaric territory. 5 (3 views). The Nordic race was a racial concept which originated in 19th century anthropology. This book is the first to conclusively show exactly how races are physically and psychologically shaped by individual genes. They are, however, on the whole taller, darker-skinned, longer-faced, and straighter-haired than the Arabs. A Somali from the tribe of Mahmud Grade, British Somaliland. THE MEDITERRANEAN RACE IN ARABIA. 4 (3 views). An Albanian from the clan of Shoshi in the isolated mountain tribe of Dukagin. of North Asians) to: hbdbibliography AT gmail.com, On racial homogeneity of the British Isles. A small-headed, absolutely short-headed and snub-nosed youth from County Longford. and vanilla. Aberrant in respect to an excessive mandible width, but otherwise typical. ed. Ripley argued that the Alpines had originated in Asia, and had spread westwards along with the emergence and expansion of agriculture, which they established in Europe. The low brachycephalic index, and the relative fineness of the facial features indicate a tendency in a Nordic direction. 14). During the early Christian era, Nordics were associated with Northern Europe, Alpine with Central Europe and Mediterranean with Southern Europe. The unreduced Upper Palaeolithic character of the local mountain type is clearly seen in this individual. of soldiers, sailors, adventurers, and explorers, but above all, of rulers, THE FIVE RACES OF EUROPE GEORGE PILE NORDIC, ALPINE, MEDITERRANEAN, EAST BALTIC, DINARIC, A EUGENICS STUDY. A Finn of predominantly Corded type; note the ash-blond hair and grayish eyes, the great head length, and extremely low cephalic index. Evidence of the survival of an extremely tall, brachycephalized, Upper Palaeolithic stock is found to a lesser extent in the Carpathians; and to a greater, in the nucleus of the Dinaric Alpine region, from Bosnia to northem Albania, and centered in Montene- gro. water at the head of the Adriatic. One can- not be sure, however, in view of his kalpak, that he has not been partly brachycepha- lized. Herausgeber E. von Eickstedt, J. F. Lehmans Verlag, Munchen). BORREBY MEN IN GERMANY AND ELSEWHERE. 3 (2 views, photo Marion Lambert). The basic population of the whole Dinaric-Alpine highlands from Switzerland to Epirus, also in the Carpathians and Caucasus, as well as Syria and Asia Minor. It is incorrect to believe that these groups always occupied these geographical regions. An old Riffian warrior, one of the Ulad Abd el Mumen clan in the Vale of Iherrushen, Gzennaya. Ireland was first settled in the post-glacial Mesolithic by people of Upper Palaeolithic type coming overland from Scotland. On the other hand, the Portuguese seem to . True. It is often mixed with other types, i.e. . The old man shown here represents a common type in Turkestan regardless of speech or ethnic affiliation; a mixture between a mongoloid and a long- faced local Mediterranean strain, giving a pseudo-Armenoid appearance. 3 (3 views). A free PDF download of our latest event guide to Slovenia can be found here. An excellent example of the Pontic Mediterranean type, except for an unusually small cranial vault. The kaid or governor of the tribe of Targuist. FIG. race, perhaps of Paleolithic man. A man of medium stature but great body size, mas- sive bony structure and heavy musculature; a large head, heavy brows, deep, wide man- dible and projecting chin. In the field of art its superiority to both the other European races is unquestioned. An Armenian from Cilicia, Asia Minor. Traduzioni in contesto per "snowmobiling and Alpine and Nordic" in inglese-italiano da Reverso Context: Outdoor enthusiasts will also enjoy local outdoor activities like boating, mountain biking, skiing and golfing in the spring and snowmobiling and Alpine and Nordic skiing in the winter. 4 (2 views, photo Henry Field. brunetness. 4 (3 views). Which of the following immigrant groups were targeted in the 19th and early 20th century as inferior to "whites" (the US's mainstream Anglo Protestant society)? 3 (3 views). His face is of extreme length, a trait common among ancient Corded crania. Tropical Photo Stores, Khartoum). A concentration of a specialized and exaggerated Borreby type or types is found on the island of Fehmaran, between the Danish Archipelago and Germany. They are survivors of the original Andonite inhabitants of western Europe, mixed with the Mediterranean stock. FIG. The four men shown on this plate all possess this same pigment combination, all are 170 cm. A blond Montenegrin with extreme width of the cranial vault and mandible. the rule of the majority remains to be seen. A Frenchman from the Limousin region; father from the Dordogne, mother from Limoges. A Mediterranean Scotsman from Paisley; typical of the industrial population of the Glasgow district. 1 (3 views). A tall, portly man from Malsia Madh; his facial features show an approach to those of the smaller, less rugged form of the Alpine race, which is particu- larly strong in southem Albania. 1 (3 views). The dimensions of his head are small, however; he must be regarded as a mesocephalic, cranially reduced type similar to the Irishman on plate 9. FIG. The coastal and seafaring populations of Answer (1 of 15): There is no concept such as race in France. FIG.5 (1 view, photo B. N. Vishnevsky). north Europe are everywhere Nordic as far as the coast of Spain, and among 2 (3 views). In head and face proportions a resemblance is seen to the Corded-like Irano-Afghan sub-type, a resemblance which is enhanced if pigmentation differences are ignored Both metrically and morphologically this individual is seen to be fully Mediterranean; there is no evidence of Upper Palaeolithic admixture. 6 (1 view). This man is in all respects an excellent Alpine. Negroes with small amounts of Mediterranean blood. Although these names have come about mainly as a result of the geographic areas these subgroups have been associated with in the Christian era (Nordics in northern Europe, Alpines in central Europe and Mediterraneansin southern Europe), it is incorrect to . If you reserve your departure after 3/17/23, you must pay in full by 3/31/23 to receive the 10% savings. FIG.5 (1 view). There has been altogether too much blending to permit such a . 3 (2 views). A Czech from Bohemia, Alpine morphologically but not as brachycephalic as the Alpine mean. 4 (3 views). Its German form is, however, seldom as exaggerated as that in the north. This individual is almost completely mongoloid in the central Asiatic sense. I think when people talk about whites being attractive, they really mean just the Nordic race and its variations. This blond Basque was rufous and freckled in childhood; his curly hair and facial features give him an Irish appearance. FIG. BLUE-EYED ATLANTO-MEDITERRANEANS. This Baggara woman from the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan is less negroid than the majority. Metrically a perfect Mediterranean central type, this indi- vidual possesses a thin, aquiline nose of a type found frequently but by no means ex- clusively among Arabs. Its purest present-day racial nucleus is without doubt Arabia. UPPER PALAEOLITHIC SURVIVALS IN IRELAND. 1 (3 views). This Solubbi may be considered a classical Mediterranean. FIG. The presence of this type to the southeast of the Baltic establishes its continuity between Germany and Finland. Tribes and populations possessing these racial elements do not possess the normal 25 per cent of incipi- ent blondism characteristic of most Mediterranean groups. The Carpathians Mountains. This type is recognized by Polish anthropo!ogists as an element in the population of their country, and is designated by them as Mediter- ranean. The Armenoids exhibit a considerable amount of Classical Mediterranean, Alpine, Nordic and Indo-Afghan racial elements in them. FIG. This large-headed and relatively tall northeastern Frenchman represents the local brachycephalic type differentiated from the south central French Alpines largely by stature and pigmentation. The great length of his nose is an attribute of senility as well as a racial character. This individual approaches Borreby dimensions in the cranial vault. Dolichocephalic individuals who recapitulate the metrical and morphological qualities of the Cro-Magnon and Brunn-Predmost Aurignacian people are commonest in Scandinavia and in Ireland. County Clare. Adolf Hitler utilized the term Alpine to refer to a type of the Aryan race, and in an interview spoke admiringly about his idol Italian Fascist leader Benito Mussolini, commending Mussolini's Alpine racial heritage saying: They know that Benito Mussolini is constructing a colossal empire which will put the Roman Empire in the shade. Nevertheless his general racial classification is with the Alpine group. Extracts From Mein Kampf by Adolf Hitler Even the most superficial observation shows that Nature's restricted form of propagation and increase is an almost rigid basic law of all the innumerable forms of expression of of Olympus were almost all described as blond, and it would be difficult to closely as-. The Alpine Races in Europe, John L. Myres, The Geographical Journal, Vol. Private Collection. 1) from the opposite end of the Irano-Afghan plateau. The Alpines represent a reemergence of a brachycephalized and partially foetalized Palaeolithic sur- vival in the central highland and forest zone of Europe and Asia, all the way from the Pyrenees to the Pamirs. A Bashkir member of another tribe of Turkicized Finns living in the Kazan district and the southern Urals. An excellent example of the British Long Barrow type and a direct Neolithic survival. Nordid-Alpines in Western Europe, Norid-Alpines in Central Europe, Dinaro-Alpines (Carpathids . FIG. Australian School, (20th century) / Australian. Race is real, it is biological in nature, and it is shaped and determined by genetics alone. New York. FIG. He represents a characteristic Midlands type. to. LONG-FACED MEDITERRANEANS OF THE WESTERN ASIATIC HIGHLANDS: THE IRANO-AFGHAN RACE. FIG. A North Italian from Lombardy, who, although brunet in hair color, conforms metrically and morphologically to the Borreby standard. Arabia is centrally located within this general territory, and the parts of Arabia lying west and north of the Ruba' el Khali desert seem to be basic Mediterranean territory. This strain has undergone an evolution of its own in Ireland, as the presence side by side of individuals showing various stages and types of change will make clear, . Atlanto-Mediterranid. You're a French citizen or you're not period. 5 (2 views); A small Mediterranean who may be taken as a type example of this race in its North African form. The remnants of the Arab invasions of the Middle Ages have been mostly absorbed by the Uzbegs, and those who retain their Semitic idiom have been in most cases racially altered. 4 (3 views). Photo F. L Rainer, from Rainer, F; I. Rlcherches Anthropologiques dans Trois Villages Carpathiennes, Bucharest, 1937, Plate II, #3.) The sloping forehead and prominent nasal profile of this indi- vidual, as well as his long face and wide jaw, indicate non-Alpine influences; he pre- sumably carries a strain of the large-headed early Mediterranean or Upper Palaeolithic element prevalent in this part of France and first noticed by Ripley. 2 (2 views). Hungary is ethnically a composite nation, and this individual's family has traditions of both French and Ger- man admixture. "War Propaganda" in Mein Kampf - 3 fury and hatred against the atrocious enemy. Plate 28. LONG-FACED MEDITERRANEANS OF THE WESTERN ASIATIC HIGHLANDS. Southern Albania forms an Al- pine nucleus comparable to that in south central France or Bavaria. A Swede from Goteborg, representing more nearly the mean of the Borreby race as it is found today. Today common in Portugal, Eastern Spain (e.g. Close approximations to this type appear also in the Balkans and in the highlands of western and central Asia, suggesting that its ancestral prototype was widespread in Late Pleistocene times. To this typology of Nordic-Alpine-Mediterranean branches of the greater white race, very familiar to most readers worldwide by the early 20th century, Grant occasionally added the "Dinaric" (used by William Z. Ripley) a tall, round skulled racial type, but long-faced, and admitted that this type could be seen in England. just as the Nordic nobility of Renaissance Italy seem to have been possessed The Racial Groups of India made up of racial groups around the world. 5 (2 views, photo Henry Field. This man, who is an excellent example of the type in question, comes from the region of Vilna, and has a Lithuanian father and a Po!ish mother. Plate 19. FIG. 3 (3 views, photo J. Wastl, Archiu fur Rassenbilder , Bildaufsatz 2, Archi vkarte 11, 1926. They form the last major outpost of the Alpine race to the East, as far as we know at present. 4) Nordics have higher cheekbones. 2 (1 view, Pix Publications, Inc.). New For 2023 Post-trip: Lapland, Finland. The predominant Alpine element present in this individual is presumably that which entered Scotland from the Continent during the Bronze Age with the Short Cist People. During the Late Pleistocene North Africa was inhabited by the Afalou men, a race of tall, large-headed, heavy-boned, people with exaggeratedly rugged cranial and facial features comparable to those of the Cro-Magnon-Briinn group in Europe. We shall put up [] for his victories. or sub-brachycephalic and forms a single unit in this respect. 5 (3 views). Would the French be classified in general as Nordic, or would they would they be classified as been Mediterranean and/ or Alpine. The extreme narrowness of his head and face, the straight nasal profile, and the prominence of his chin, mark him as less negroid than many of his fellows. It was also identified as descending from the Celts residing in Central Europe in Neolithic times. For some unknown reason Riffians who hold public office usually belong to this physical type. 3 (1 view, tempera painting by Iacovleff). Mussolini is a typical representative of our Alpine race, It however fell out of popularity by the 1950s, but reappeared in the literature of Sonia Mary Cole (1963) and Carleton Coon (1969). Many of the Portugese belong to this more robust Mediterranean sub-variety, which is also common in southern Italy, and may have been one of the earliest Mediterranean elements to arrive in southwestern Europe. 5 (1 view, tempera painting by Iacovleff). A Sicilian from Messina. Closer to the standard Mediterranean type of Arabia and North Africa is this senile Agau, a member of a fast diminishing group of Hamitic-speaking aborigines in the kingdom of Gojjam in northern Ethiopia. FIG. The writer has carefully refrained in this frequently rufous. these survivors are often blond; as in Ireland. A Mountain Tajik from the Pamirs. Note that the hair is red and the complexion florid; rufosity is closely linked to Upper Palaeo- lithic survival in Ireland. FIG. for the most part to the north. With 64 photographs, 16 illustrations, 7 maps, 6 tables, and 11 charts. Alpine White/Slate. West Alpinid (sometimes Alpine) is a phenotype most commonly found in France, Germany, Italy, Switzerland, Austria, the Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, and rarely in pure form in the Czech Republic, the Iberian peninsula, the Balkans, Hungary and Slovakia. Oslo, 1930. Its high, narrow cranial vault, in combination with a great facial and nasal height, and its general cast of cranial features makes this type nearly identical with that of the Corded people who invaded Europe from the east toward the beginning of the third millennium B.C.. The Armenians, for the most part Dinaricized, include in their ranks a minority of individuals who represent, as does this man, the Alpine prototype of the Asia Minor brachycephals.